devutilsEnglishGitHub Un point de départ
Apprendre, étape par étape
Choisissez un parcours selon votre point de départ. Chaque étape mène à un cours et indique les prérequis.
01 · Parcours guidé
Je débute
Représenter l’information, raisonner et comprendre les signaux.
5 étapes 02 · Parcours guidéEnglishComprendre les circuits
Des portes logiques aux registres et aux circuits séquentiels.
7 étapes 03 · Parcours guidéEnglishComprendre une machine
Instructions, processeur, mémoire et entrées-sorties.
6 étapesVoir les autres parcours (9)
- Chemistry and materials — from atoms to doped siliconEnglish
- Digital control and datapathsEnglish
- Electronics and PCB — from circuit model to measured boardEnglish
- Firmware and embedded — from reset to a running systemEnglish
- Integrated circuit design — from RTL to timingEnglish
- From Boolean decisions to switching circuitsEnglish
- Physics for computing — from charge to solidsEnglish
- Semiconductor devices — from junctions to CMOS powerEnglish
- Semiconductor manufacturing — from wafer to packageEnglish
La carte des connaissances
Explorer par domaine
Ouvrez un domaine pour consulter ses cours. Les sujets à venir sont signalés.
Fondements5 cours
Mathematical reasoning, units, signals, information, modeling
- Information et représentation binaire : comprendre les bitsCompter les combinaisons de bits, convertir un entier non signé et distinguer un motif binaire du message qu’il représente.
- Modèles et abstraction : hypothèses, tests et limitesDéfinir ce qu’un modèle garantit, vérifier ses hypothèses et comprendre pourquoi une table logique ne suffit pas à valider un circuit réel.
- Raisonnement mathématique : variables, exemples et preuvesLire une formule, définir ses entrées et distinguer un exemple, un contre-exemple et une preuve, avec exercices corrigés.
- Signaux et états : interpréter un signal numériqueDistinguer tension, bit et message ; lire des seuils, des échantillons et une garantie de délai dans un modèle pédagogique corrigé.
- Unités et ordres de grandeur : durées et débitsConvertir secondes, millisecondes et microsecondes, additionner des durées et distinguer temps écoulé et débit avec des exercices corrigés.
Physique5 cours
Electricity, electromagnetism, quantum basics, thermodynamics, solid-state physics
- Electricity — charge, voltage and currentDistinguish electrical quantities and calculate current, power and transferred energy in an ideal resistor circuit.English
- Electromagnetism — fields and inductionRead the direction of an electric force and calculate a simple induced voltage from a changing magnetic flux.English
- Thermodynamics — heat and energyBalance electrical input, heat leaving a system and stored energy without confusing watts, joules and temperature.English
- Quantum basics — probabilities and energy levelsDistinguish probability from amplitude and calculate energy differences in a three-level teaching model.English
- Solid-state physics — lattices and energy bandsConnect a repeating crystal model to allowed electron energies, then distinguish a band diagram from a conductivity prediction.English
Chimie et matériaux5 cours
Atomic bonding, crystal lattices, silicon, doping, material properties
- Atoms and bonding — from charge to shared electronsCount protons, neutrons and electrons, distinguish isotopes from ions, and explain the energy sign of a covalent bond.English
- Crystal structures — cells, sharing and defectsCount shared atoms in cubic cells, scale a repeating volume and distinguish vacancies, substitutions and interstitials.English
- Material properties — resistivity, geometry and constraintsDerive a sample resistance from resistivity and shape, convert areas correctly, and evaluate several material requirements together.English
- Semiconductor doping — donors, acceptors and neutralityExplain n-type and p-type silicon, count dopants and derive a scoped compensation approximation without confusing carriers with net charge.English
- Silicon and silicon dioxide — structure and compositionCount shared bonds, derive the SiO2 atom ratio and distinguish substrate silicon from an electrically insulating oxide.English
Fabrication des semi-conducteurs6 cours
Wafers, photolithography, deposition, etching, implantation, metallization, packaging, testing
- Deposition and etching — growth, transfer and selectivityTrack a film through deposition and mask transfer, calculate a cycle-based thickness and budget underlayer and mask loss.English
- Implantation and annealing — dose, depth and active dopantsSeparate dose from concentration, follow a uniform-profile counting model and distinguish retained dopants, activation and mobile carriers.English
- Interconnects and planarization — lines, vias and resistanceRead electrical connectivity across levels, follow damascene-style fill and CMP, and calculate a line-and-via resistance model.English
- Photolithography — resist polarity, patterns and alignmentTrace positive and negative resist, distinguish a resist opening from a material etch, and calculate a simple overlay margin.English
- Testing, yield and packaging — count accepted productsSeparate die and package tests, multiply stage fractions with the right denominators and reason about multi-die assembly assumptions.English
- Wafers and process flow — from substrate to patterned stackFollow an ingot into wafer form, distinguish wafer, die and package, and read process changes in top view and cross-section.English
Composants semi-conducteurs6 cours
PN junctions, diodes, MOSFETs, CMOS, scaling, leakage
- CMOS — complementary switches and charging energyBuild an inverter and NAND, separate settled states from transitions and account for capacitive switching energy.English
- Device scaling — density, energy and performance tradeoffsCalculate geometric density and dynamic-power ratios without equating transistor count with speed or efficiency.English
- Diode models — bias, exponential current and circuit assumptionsDistinguish a continuous junction law from a constant-drop approximation and reconcile circuit power.English
- Leakage and static power — energy while idleDistinguish leakage paths, compute standby energy and compare clock gating, sleep and task energy.English
- MOSFETs — gate control, terminal voltages and operating regionsUse source-relative gate voltages, distinguish threshold from low resistance and solve a scoped switch circuit.English
- PN junctions — diffusion, fields and depletionExplain equilibrium, fixed space charge and bias, then balance depletion widths in an abrupt-junction model.English
Électronique et circuits imprimés7 cours
Circuit theory, analog and digital electronics, schematics, layout, power, signal integrity, measurement
- Analog and digital interfaces — margins and settlingCompare logic-level guarantees, calculate RC settling and distinguish physical waveforms from logical interpretations.English
- Circuit analysis — nodes, loops and loaded dividersApply current and voltage balance, calculate divider loading and reconcile power in a DC network.English
- Measurement and debugging — loading, references and evidenceInclude the probe in the circuit, estimate measurement loading and separate resolution, accuracy and repeatability.English
- PCB layout — geometry, resistance and return pathsCalculate conductor resistance and clearance, follow return currents and distinguish connectivity checks from performance.English
- Power and decoupling — regulation, loss and transient chargeReconcile regulator power, calculate capacitor droop and explain why effective capacitance and connection impedance matter.English
- Schematics and connectivity — nets, pins and footprintsTrace an explicit netlist, map electrical pins to physical pads and understand the scope of schematic checks.English
- Signal integrity — travel time, reflections and receiver behaviorCompare propagation with edge time, calculate first load reflections and distinguish incident-wave amplitude from source voltage.English
Conception de circuits intégrés6 cours
RTL, HDL, simulation, verification, synthesis, physical design, timing, ASIC vs FPGA
- ASIC and FPGA — target resources and implementation choicesUnderstand LUTs, registers and dedicated resources, compare a scoped cost model and separate configuration from fabrication.English
- Physical design — placement, clocks, routing and extractionTurn a netlist into geometry, calculate utilization and wiring effects, and distinguish connectivity, geometry and timing checks.English
- RTL and hardware descriptionDescribe a registered four-bit accumulator in Verilog, separate combinational wiring from clocked storage and trace simultaneous state updates.English
- Simulation and verification — contracts, checks and coverageBuild an independent oracle, distinguish exhaustive scope from coverage and understand bounded formal and equivalence checks.English
- Static timing analysisCalculate setup and hold slack for a clocked path, derive the effect of skew and distinguish timing constraints from functional simulation.English
- Synthesis and technology mappingLower a circuit description into connected implementation cells, reason about Boolean equivalence and account for resource sharing without changing cycle behavior.English
Logique numérique9 cours
Boolean algebra, combinational and sequential logic, FSMs, arithmetic, registers, memory
- Arithmetic logic unitCombine a four-bit adder, Boolean functions and selection; distinguish unsigned carry from signed overflow and connect computation to storage.English
- Binary addersDerive a full adder, follow carries through four bits, and distinguish unsigned carry from signed overflow.English
- Boolean algebraDescribe two-state decisions with AND, OR and NOT, then connect the expressions to switching circuits.English
- Combinational logicSpecify a function, build it from gates, and verify a selector without confusing logic with timing.English
- Finite-state machinesDesign a serial pattern detector, preserve overlapping matches, encode its states and verify every short input stream.English
- Logic gatesTurn Boolean operations into connected components, and distinguish a logical result from an electrical implementation.English
- Memory and registersSeparate holding a value from computing one, then organize stored bits into registers and addressed words.English
- Sequential logicCombine stored state with a next-state function, trace a counter, and account for the time between clock edges.English
- Synchronous interfaces — valid, ready and backpressureTrace accepted values, preserve pending data and separate interface throughput, latency, buffering and clock-domain assumptions.English
Architecture des ordinateurs6 cours
ISA, microarchitecture, pipelines, caches, CPU/GPU, buses, RISC-V, x86-64
- Buses and I/O — transactions, addresses and shared serviceDistinguish MMIO from RAM, calculate burst payload rate and reason about arbitration, ordering and completion.English
- Caches and memory hierarchy — locality, tags and missesMap byte addresses into a direct-mapped cache, reproduce a miss trace and calculate access-time and write-policy consequences.English
- CPU and GPU parallelism — useful work, bandwidth and overheadCompare data-parallel execution, lane utilization and scoped scaling limits using end-to-end work and traffic.English
- Instruction execution — fetch, operands and architectural updatesExecute a complete eight-bit teaching program, trace wraparound and branches and connect state changes to a datapath.English
- ISA and microarchitecture — contract, implementation and performanceDistinguish instruction semantics from hardware organization, read RV32I state and compare scoped execution-time models.English
- Pipelines and hazards — overlap, dependencies and penaltiesTrace pipeline stages, distinguish latency from throughput and budget stalls without changing architectural behavior.English
Firmware et systèmes embarqués6 cours
Bare metal, boot, MCUs, interrupts, DMA, drivers, RTOS, embedded Linux
- DMA and buffer ownership — addresses, visibility and reuseFollow device/CPU buffer ownership, calculate fill intervals and preserve FIFO capacity while separating coherence from ordering.English
- Embedded Linux — boot chain, drivers, root filesystems and updatesConnect loader, kernel, hardware description and user space, then budget independent storage/RAM models and reason about recovery.English
- Interrupts and drivers — response, context and shared stateBudget event-to-handler latency, separate device flags from controller state and preserve driver lifetime across concurrent completion paths.English
- Microcontrollers and MMIO — peripherals, bits and pollingConnect bare-metal code to specified registers, distinguish read/write and W1C behavior and separate volatile from synchronization.English
- Real-time scheduling — ready tasks, deadlines and interferenceTrace a preemptive schedule, calculate scoped response times and distinguish utilization, blocking and synchronization.English
- Reset and boot — runtime state, images and entry conditionsExplain the path to main, budget RAM and vectors and distinguish image loading, authenticity and recovery policy.English
Systèmes d’exploitationÀ venir
Kernel, processes, scheduling, memory, filesystems, syscalls, device drivers, virtualization
Ce domaine est prévu. Aucun cours n’est encore publié.
Programmation et toolchainsÀ venir
Assembly, C/C++/Rust, compilers, linkers, ELF, ABI, algorithms, debugging
Ce domaine est prévu. Aucun cours n’est encore publié.
Applications et systèmesÀ venir
UI, APIs, networking, databases, concurrency, distributed systems, operations
Ce domaine est prévu. Aucun cours n’est encore publié.
D’autres façons d’apprendre
Relier les idées à leur histoire
10 chapitres
L’histoire de l’informatique
Des premiers systèmes de représentation aux machines contemporaines.
119 profilsLes personnes derrière les idées
Philosophes, mathématiciens et équipes qui ont façonné l’informatique.
1 atelier disponibleManipuler et expérimenter
Testez les portes logiques et comparez vos résultats aux tables de vérité.